Cyanobacterial Pigments: Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Applications

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms present in a variety of aquatic and terrestrial environments. In addition to their role in oxygen production and nitrogen fixation, cyanobacteria are also known for producing pigments that have a large variety of applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Some of the cyanobacterial pigments have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and are being investigated for their use in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, some of these pigments have shown antitumoral activity and are being investigated for cancer therapy. The pigments are used as natural colorants in food industry or as active ingredients in skincare products in the cosmetic industry. This chapter delves into the use and properties of these pigments, especially from the food and pharmaceutical point of view. Additionally, possible future applications based on their diverse properties have also been highlighted.