Efficient and Secure Encryption for FPGAs in the Cloud

Cryptographic primitives are fundamental blocks for ensuring security. Starting from AES, in the past few years, a number of block ciphers and authenticated encryption algorithms have been proposed and, sometimes, even standardized. These primitives can be used also to secure cloud application, including cloud-based FPGAs, but also their communication with edge devices or IoT devices. To this end, this chapter presents FPGA implementations of the most relevant cryptographic primitives and discusses their performance. The chapter starts by reporting results of implementation of block ciphers, the design choices that can be followed to implement them, and the performance obtained when implementing the most common ones on reconfigurable FPGA devices. The chapter continues by presenting stream ciphers and authenticated encryption algorithms and their implementation on FPGA. The chapter concludes by reporting on the current activities related to the transition to post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms and their implementation on FPGAs.