Epistemology

The epistemological level provides primitives that connect conceptual modelling (e.g., types and properties modelling a domain) to a logical formalism. In the context of knowledge graphs, epistemological primitives manifest as languages for modelling and manipulating knowledge. In this chapter, we introduce the modelling primitives of RDF(S), SPARQL, SHACL, OWL, Rules, F-logic, and SKOS with examples.