Believing and Belonging: Media Representations of Islam and Muslims in Britain and Its Relationship to British Civil Religion

This chapter explores the intersection of media representations, civil religion, and their implications for Muslims in British society. Civil religion, as conceptualized by Robert Bellah, entails a collection of beliefs, symbols, and rituals that represent common knowledge and values within a nation. It often serves as a unifying force transcending denominational and ethnic boundaries, creating a cohesive national identity. However, the concept has been criticized for its potential to exclude diversity. The chapter argues that media discourses about Muslims in Britain often draw upon the notion of civil religion to regulate religious practices, such as veiling, and to promote a nationalistic agenda. By shaping perceptions and responses to issues related to Islam and Muslims, media representations contribute to the exclusion of Muslims from British society. The analysis reveals how media outlets employ the concept of civil religion to evoke emotions through imagery and influence public opinion, reinforcing longstanding biases and stereotypes. This chapter underscores the need for critical examination of media portrayals and their role in shaping societal attitudes towards Muslims and their religious practices.