Muon Implantation and Thermalization in Matter

We briefly review the muon implantation and thermalization processes (energy loss and multiple scattering) in matter that are relevant to the use of positive muons as spin probes. Range, straggling, and thermalization times in a sample are discussed. In the last part of the chapter, the differentiation of the muon states in matter (positive “bare” muon or muon-electron bound state, muonium) resulting from the thermalization processes is described.