Development Directions of Small Historic Cities in the Subcarpathia

The study of urban forms takes into account historical, spatial and functional perspectives in order to better understand contemporary trends and effectively manage future development. Poland’s medieval cities, with their unique heritage, are of particular value for research. Small cities with historical features are often underestimated elements of the European cultural heritage, with preserved monuments being of key importance for them, shaping their urban character and identity. The study focuses on the integration of historic centers with the rest of the urban landscape, which can create a coherent, sustainable environment that balances heritage and modernity. The practical aim is to provide general guidelines for urban planning. The examples of Brzostek, Kołaczyce and Pilzno, small cities in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship with a rich heritage of medieval urban planning, serve as a model for the research objective. Classical tools and methods of urban planning, together with qualitative research methods, are used to assess the Urban Integration Index of these historic centres. Research has shown that, despite changes, they have retained their characteristic genius loci and key elements of spatial structure. Although traditional functions such as housing, commerce, services and administration still exist, the research suggests that contemporary functions such as the concentration of social, tourist and recreational life are lacking. Recommendations include improving the integration of public spaces, enhancing residential functions, reorganizing pedestrian and cycle transport, controlling advertising and improving the quality of architecture. All of this can be achieved through effective spatial and urban planning, which will contribute to the sustainable use of resources and improve the quality of life of residents.