Numerical Simulation Analysis of Fire Safety Retrofitting of Traditional Hani Dwellings in Yunnan

In Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, where Hani terraces—a world cultural landscape heritage—are located, traditional villages with ethnic characteristics are in urgent need of preservation. To protect the original cultural appearance of the mushroom-shaped traditional Hani dwellings and improve their fire safety level, the fire dynamics simulation software FDS was used to simulate the fire dynamics process of these typical Hani dwellings. According to the retrofitting scheme of using different materials for roof and exterior fire windows, the smoke flow and heat transfer in a typical Hani dwelling were calculated, and the fire heat release rate, heat radiation flux and flashover time were obtained under different working conditions. The results show that by replacing the roof material of traditional Hani dwellings with a fire-retardant or non-combustible material and adopting Class C fireproof windows, the flashover time can be significantly delayed so that villagers can have more time to save themselves. This study provides a scientific basis for fire safety improvement and enhancement in traditional Hani villages.