Faults Indicators in Electric Distribution Network: Review, Indicator Architecture and Measuring Elements

Important way to development of the electric power industry in the world and in Ukraine is the improvement and construction of electric power networks and systems according to the Smart Grid concept. The main aim this systems is a reliable, energy-efficient and high-quality energy supply, which based on the growing role of management as a leading factor in the innovative development of the electric power industry and the construction of a high-performance information and computing infrastructure. One of the components of Smart Grid is to provide control over parameters of network operation modes and prompt identification and elimination of damage that may occur in energy networks. This is due to the fact that damage to electrical networks affects the quality and reliability of electricity supply to consumers. Therefore, the task of quickly and accurately determining the place of damage is important. Solving this problem gives a significant economic effect due to the reduction of power supply interruptions, the reduction of transport costs for bypassing electrical networks, and the minimization of the total time of organizing repair and restoration works. One of the ways to increase efficiency is the use of means of identification of emergency conditions in sections of both cable and overhead electrical networks. A diagram of the placement of damage indicators on the section of the electrical distribution network is presented, which allows determining the direction of the search for the location of the damage. The block diagram of a specialized information and measurement system with a damage indicator is shown, built taking into account the requirements of the Smart Grid concept, which allows to reduce the time of searching for the cause to a minimum. Influence of the characteristics of the elements on the dynamic characteristics of the parameters of the secondary measuring transducer of the measuring for control means of monitoring and identification of the integrity of distribution electric networks has been studied. The use of means of monitoring and identification of emergency conditions in distribution electric networks will allow to ensure the fulfillment of the requirements of the Smart Grid concept during works on the restoration and modernization of existing networks and the construction of new ones, to carry out operational determination of control and diagnostic parameters of each phase and neutral of power transmission lines and to record the fact of damage on the line, provide remote reception of control and diagnostic data that fully characterize the current state of the line.