Balancing Systems with Distributed Sources of Electricity Using the Analysis of Exchange Processes in Microgrid

The chapter shows that an important condition for the stable operation of modern electricity markets is maintaining a balance between the production and consumption of electricity. The active increasee in the share of renewable energy sources in the Microgrid forces the adoption of new work rules and increased flexibility, that is, the ability to ensure the balance of supply and demand, to implement new technological solutions, which requires a detailed analysis of energy exchange processes. The peculiarities of the analysis of energy exchange processes in local Microgrid systems were considered with the determination of QEX exchange capacities, which are integral characteristics of the influence of various factors of poor quality of electricity on exchange processes in the Microgrid and are determined at the intersection of the Microgrid regardless of the nature of the flow of energy processes in individual elements in the middle of selected equivalent subsystems. In order to assess the share contribution of consumers, exchange processes in the Microgrid intersection, a comparative analysis of energy characteristics and indicators was carried out. To estimate the part of consumers’ contribution to the deterioration of the quality of electricity at the common connection point, an algorithm for evaluating the mutual influence of elements is proposed, with the allocation of the element's contribution to the distortion of electricity in the controlled intersection and the analysis of the magnitude of the influence of distorting factors on electromagnetic processes in the system element. The exchange processes were analyzed with the selection of five operating Microgrid modes: sinusoidal, quasi-sinusoidal, non-linear, marginal, inadmissible. It was proposed to carry out balancing on the basis of components of electrical energy based on exchange processes in controlled intersections of the Microgrid using the components of instantaneous power at each energy-invariant state. The introduction of exchange capacities made it possible to develop indicators for assessing the level of electromagnetic compatibility of Microgrid elements. Peculiarities of power supply control in Microgrid based on selection of energetically unchanged states, compensation of signal distortions and provision of electromagnetic compatibility of elements of selected systems were considered.