Products Life Cycle Management: An Introductory Overview

In this chapter, the circularity approach is discussed during the product life cycle. First, sustainable manufacturing is explained. Three essential elements of sustainable manufacturing including reducing hazardous substances, energy consumption, and waste management are addressed. The relationship between maintenance and circular economy and sustainable maintenance practices is provided. Then, the importance of consumption patterns in promoting circularity is discussed and finally, the EoL phase and the different alternatives are briefly explained. Examples of circular economy practices for bike manufacturing during the various stages of the product life cycle are also provided.