Life Cycle Approach: An Introductory Overview
摘要
In this chapter, an introduction to the life cycle approach is provided. First, the life cycle perspective and three approaches including cradle to gate, cradle to grave, and cradle to cradle are discussed. Then, an introduction to life cycle analysis, life cycle costing, and social life cycle analysis are presented. The environment management system and its four principles are discussed. The need for an integrated management system and a sustainability-balanced scorecard are presented. A short case is presented to show the step-by-step organizational life cycle approach.