Clinicoepidemiology of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Initial Utilizing Videonystagmography in the Department of Neurology

Vertigo is the most common leading symptom of patients who consult neurologists, with Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) as the top cause. There is a scarcity of data about BPPV clinical epidemiology in Vietnam. With the assistance of a new videonystagmography (VNG) system, the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of different types of BPPV in our center. 117 BPPV patients at Military Hospital 175 from 03/2022 to 09/2022 were diagnosed based on criteria from the Classification of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society. All patients underwent a battery of positional tests through the VNG system to observe nystagmus to diagnose BPPV. The battery of positional tests includes the Dix-Hallpike test and the supine positional test. 78.6% of patients aged 25–64 years, and the mean age of BPPV patients is 53. The youngest patient is 21 years old, and the oldest is 81. Female is dominant BPPV patients, with a ratio of 2.7 female: 1 male. Canalithiasis posterior canal BPPV (pc-BPPV) is the most common type of BPPV (57 cases, 48.7%) and canalithiasis horizontal canal BPPV (hc-BPPV) is the second (22.2%). There are 4 multi-canal BPPV patients, which are posterior canal and horizontal canal combinations, 2 are ipsilateral, and 2 are contralateral. Our patients have a similar prevalence of BPPV types with other studies, about 58% are pc-BPPV. The VNG system enhances the ability to observe and classify positional nystagmus in BPPV.