The Future of Salmonids in a Rapidly Changing World

Salmonid fishes are among the most adaptable and resilient to change of any fish group but also among the most threatened. The pace of change in today’s world and the ever-increasing human footprint are limiting the ability of these remarkable fish to successfully adapt. Land use modifications, the introduction of non-native salmonids, aquaculture, pollution, and diminishing water supply all threaten salmonid populations across the globe. Climate change adds significant threats to populations that may already on the brink. We ask “How do we ensure the future of salmonids in this rapidly changing world?” and provide a three-part strategy for stream conservation consisting of (1) protecting and restoring important habitats and populations, (2) building resistance and resilience to disturbance, and (3) forming alliances with diverse interests to solve common problems. Conservation in the twenty-first century is challenged by twin complications of climate change and demands of an ever-growing human population. As we look into the future of salmonid and stream conservation, novel approaches such as World Heritage Site designations and the growing Rights of Nature movement should receive more attention. Ultimately, conservation success will be driven as much or more by societal perceptions and desires than by scientific principles.