Reality-Based 3D Survey and Modeling Supporting Historical Vaulted Structures Studies

Geometry has always been a means of proportioning and sizing architectural constructions and has permeated the ways of conceiving buildings from the classical, modern, and contemporary ages, ensuring aesthetic and technical values and thrilling architects and treatise writers. The structural behavior of masonry structures is consequently often aimed at highlighting the close relationship between the geometry and the safety level of structures based on primitive geometries of the architectural heritage, in particular, the arches, the vaulted systems, and the domes.Reality-based 3D surveys and modeling that use laser scanning and photogrammetric methods have important implications for the study of generative geometries, as they are able to allow a direct comparison between the real surfaces surveyed and those designed according to strict geometric principles.The research will highlight the contribution of methods such as point cloud co-registration, deviation analysis, shape recognition and algorithms such as ICP-based (Iterative Closest Points), RANSAC-based to achieve these objectives.