Physiologists and neuroscientists have devoted significant attention to develop an understanding of how various sources of internal and external information concerning our current status in time and space are sensed and utilised in maintaining balance, directing movement patterns, and responding to spatial-temporal perturbations. The term “proprioception” (also referred to as “kinesthesia”) includes up-to-date information concerning the relative position and movement of the parts of the body in relation to one another, the amount and rate of force development being created by a muscle, and the level of tension being created within the muscle. The information pertaining to our temporo-spatial status comes from specialised proprioceptive mechanosensors found within the musculoskeletal system—the muscle spindle within the muscles, the Golgi tendon organ embedded in the musculo-tendinous junction, and receptors within the joint capsules, the ligaments, and the skin. The distinctive information originating from, and associated with, these sensors are incorporated with other sources of input, including sensations of pain, pressure, vibration, stretching, and tissue deformation. The data are integrated and compared to past experience. Recognition of the different types of motor behavior and responses associated with these experiences creates a deliberative and/or indefinite action(s). This action(s) presents fertile ground for scientists and therapists to generate considerable knowledge and information pertaining to alterations in receptor structure, function, and number with different types of training, in response to injury, and following various perturbations. In addition, understanding how the proprioceptive system is actively involved in adaptation during training, or plays a role in regeneration and recovery following muscle injury, is of significant importance to developing a proper training and/or treatment plan.