Cryotherapy consists in the exposure to extreme cold with the aim to limit any inflammatory process that may have taken place in response to different conditions either physiological (e.g., exercise) or pathological. Rather than a therapy, cryotherapy can be best considered as a stimulatory approach as it physiologically induces a response counteracting flogosis. Therefore, the term cryostimulation may be more appropriate to describe this approach. Cryostimulation finds its application in several fields ranging from post-exercise recovery to analgesia in trauma and muscle regeneration, as well as for the symptomatic treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The basic principle of cryostimulation stems from the activation of the sympathetic branch of the central nervous system that results into three main effects: central vasodilation (and peripheral vasoconstriction), inhibition of the NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory pathways, reduction of oedema and bleeding, in a fashion somehow resembling exercise. Inflammation represents the pathophysiological bases of several diseases, therefore it is licit to argue that, since its powerful anti-inflammatory effects, cryostimulation may be applied, in association with exercise-based approaches, in conditions conceptually far than the classical ones (i.e., diabetes, obesity).