Practice Studies

This chapter provides details on police experiences with systems as reported in a variety of practice surveys and associated studies, such as site visits and interviews with key informants within police departments. The focus is on whether or not police departments have systems and, for those that do, how they operate and any problems, issues and modifications made as experience accumulated over the years. The chapter is organized sequentially under headings that list the location, author and year of each report. Overall, the findings indicate that many police departments, mainly in the United States, had adopted EI systems by the late-1990s and early-2000s, although available information on the uptake internationally has been scarce. When comparing the practices of different departments, the main overall finding relates to significant diversity in the deployment of indicators, thresholds, profiles, interventions and monitoring. Numerous systems could be considered to have been “rudimentary” and very few were able to provide pre- and post-intervention impacts (covered later in Chap. 5 ).