Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Atrial Septal Defect
摘要
Atrial septal defects (ASDs) occur in 1 of 1500 live births and constitute 6–10% of congenital heart defects. There is a female-to-male predominance of 2 to 1. According to their embryological origins, we can differentiate five different types of ASDs (see Fig. 23.1):