Neurological Complications

Neurological complications of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation are frequent and often highly challenging to manage. These complications can stem from various causes, including neurotoxic drugs, infectious pathogens, cerebrovascular illness, metabolic encephalopathy, hematological disease relapse, immune-mediated disorders, thrombotic microangiopathy, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. While many of these complications are transient, a substantial subset is potentially fatal. Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment, guided by a neurologist, can be crucial in reducing the risks of irreversible complications, impairment of the quality of life, and transplantation-related mortality.