Diversity and Biological Activities of Propolis of Some Indonesian Stingless Bees

As a tropical archipelago located in between two oceans and two continents, Indonesia has unique flora and fauna including the highly diverse and mostly unexplored world of stingless bees. This chapter attempts to review and highlight the diversity, chemical composition, and biological activities of propolis harvested from the nests of the Indonesian stingless bees. The chemical compounds identified so far were largely phenolics and terpenoids, and their biological activities were antimicrobial, anti-cancer, and antioxidant, along with α-glucosidase, xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase, and melanin inhibitory.