Soilless Smart Agriculture Systems for Future Climate

Global warming will have a negative impact on agricultural land in underdeveloped nations, as the land warms up more rapidly and easily than water. By the 2080s, the demand for food is predicted to triple due to an increase in global population and affluence. Climate smart agriculture (CSA) is an integrated method of managing landscapes that address the interrelated problems of food security and climate change. Smart agriculture systems use sensors and monitoring tools to gather information on variables such as temperature, humidity, water levels, and fertilizer levels. Robotic systems for planting, harvesting, and weeding can also be part of smart agriculture systems, such as automated watering and fertilizing systems. Soilless smart agriculture technologies can be carried out in a controlled setting and are more resistant to adverse weather, reducing the carbon footprint of food production. A controlled environment, like a greenhouse, can be used for year-round production and shelter from harsh weather. Soilless agriculture is an adaptation to climate change, as it is more resistant to adverse weather and uses less water than conventional agriculture. Urban agriculture is becoming increasingly important, as people are relocating to cities and demand for food production is rising. It is important to consider the environmental and social impact of these methods, such as energy consumption for a controlled environment, and ensure they are sustainable in the long run. In this chapter, we have summarized the methodologies and enabling technologies for indoor soilless smart agriculture systems (ISSAS) considering both global and Indian scenarios.