Secondary Load Voltage and Frequency Fault-Tolerant Regulation Control via Hierarchical Mechanism

This chapter presents a distributed containment-based load voltage and consensus-based frequency fault-tolerant secondary control strategy. The strategy considers distributed generators (DGs) that communicate through a directed network whose fault models include both actuators’ partial loss of effectiveness (PLOE) and deviation faults. First, we introduce the idea of containment control in the load voltage secondary control strategy. Unlike the traditional consensus-based output voltage secondary control strategy, this strategy limits the load voltage on each bus to a reasonable range while having a voltage difference between the loads to allow power flow. Next, we use a hierarchical mechanism to decouple the distributed secondary control problem into a cooperative control problem for virtual systems and a decentralized control problem for the existing system. Note that the strategy avoids using global information about the directed communication network and quantitative information about the size, frequency, and type of actuator faults. In addition, we design a consensus-based frequency regulation and power-sharing control strategy. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness of the process.