Citrus aurantium: Phytochemistry, Therapeutic Potential, Safety Considerations, and Research Needs

Citrus aurantium, commonly referred to as sour orange or bitter orange, holds significant importance both in biological and economic terms. Throughout history, humans have turned to nature in their pursuit of health and wellness. Among the plants that have historically played a role in enhancing fitness, Citrus aurantium stands out. A diverse array of phytochemical constituents present in Citrus aurantium have been closely tied to its various biological activities, encompassing areas such as gastrointestinal disorders, insomnia, headaches, cancer treatment, antiseptic properties, antioxidant effects, and antispasmodic effects. Beyond its pharmacological relevance, Citrus aurantium also boasts numerous non-pharmacological applications that make it particularly intriguing. It serves as a food preservative agent, contributes to aromatherapy practices, acts as a pesticide, provides raw materials for the pulp and paper industry, lends its aromatic qualities to the food processing and cosmetics sectors, and offers potential as an anti-aging agent. Despite its impressive array of properties, the utilization of Citrus aurantium and its derivatives has been linked to certain unwanted side effects. While some studies have largely cleared the plant of safety concerns, others have cast doubt on its safety. This chapter delves into the complex aspects surrounding the safety of Citrus aurantium’s phytochemistry and its derived products. Ultimately, the chapter advocates for the ongoing use of this plant, but with a careful awareness of its limitations to prevent any undesirable effects.