Phytochemical Constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn. and Their Associated Role in the Management of Alzheimer’s Disease

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, lead to a gradual and irreversible loss of neurons and brain function, resulting in progressive dementia characterized by disoriented plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of beta-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, respectively. Currently, there is no permanent treatment for these disorders. However, herbal plants and formulations, along with certain research findings, have reported the potential therapeutic use of rosemary leaves to mitigate these conditions more pleasantly. Rosmarinus officinalis Linn., commonly known as rosemary, holds significant economic importance and is often used as a flavor enhancer in soups. In the field of phytomedicine, this herb is gaining recognition as researchers investigate not only its unique taste and aroma but also the various health benefits of its constituents when extracted. The phytotherapeutic components of rosemary, such as rosmarinic acid and other derivatives found in its essential oils, including caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rosmanol, carnosol, carsonic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, beta-amyrin, oleanic acid, and urosolic acid, offer numerous advantages. These constituents possess anti-memory loss properties and various other health benefits, primarily due to their inhibitory effects on factors contributing to memory problems. This chapter sheds light on the impact of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn., specifically rosemary leaves and its essential constituents, on health benefits. These benefits include its potential as an anti-memory loss agent, possibly attributed to the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, diterpenoids, and antioxidants. The review chapter critically examines the protective systematic effect this natural medicinal plant produces, such as being a stimulus as well as a protective agent that promotes healthier brain functionality.