Obstetric Rectovaginal Fistulas

A rectovaginal fistula is defined as a communication between the rectum and the vagina. It is an uncommon, debilitating condition caused by traumatic, congenital, inflammatory, neoplastic, and iatrogenic processes. Of particular importance to the practicing obstetrician gynecologist are rectovaginal fistulas that occur as a complication of vaginal birth and gynecologic surgeries. Our chapter reviews the background, incidence, evaluation and management of rectovaginal fistulas with an emphasis on those that occur secondary to obstetrical trauma. We will also focus on the surgical techniques of repair.