Methodologies in Steganography and Cryptography–Review

Today we are living in a digital world. The transfer of data via an unsafe channel is becoming a crucial subject. And simultaneously cybercriminals are growing across the internet and are highly active. Some protective measures must be implemented to safeguard confidential data from theft. Various approaches were applied to encrypt and decrypt confidential or secret information in order to keep the data hidden. The two most renowned techniques from these are cryptography and steganography. However, these two approaches cannot operate as well combined alone. Steganography is a Greek term consisting of Stegano and graphy two words. Stegano stands for secret and graphy signifies writing, i.e., Secret writing indicates steganography. While cryptography turns a secret data into another form that is humanly accessible, this approach has a limiting on the visibility of the secret text/data. Attackers might use hit and trail methods to receive the secret message over the internet. These are two separate approaches that have their own importance. In this article, we will explore the many strategies used to keep the data hidden using cryptography and steganography.