The Theory of Epistemic Anomalies Within the Principles of Diversity and Unity in Knowing and Science: Organizational Algebraic Analytics

In chapter 4 , the conceptual frame of anomalies in knowing and information-knowledge production was presented and related to some important elements in the space of quality-quantity dualities over the space of problem–solution dualities and polarities. Chapter 5 is a continuation with algebraic analytics of anomalies in knowing and information-knowledge systems and the roles that courage, curiosity, creativity, and innovation play in the space of imagination-reality dualities contained in the epistemological space and as a sub-space of the space of actual-potential dualities which is contained in the ontological space. The natures of the phenomena of thinking and reasoning relative to courage, curiosity and knowing are presented, defined, and explicated, where the differences and similarities among them are shown in relation to the neuro-decisionchoice actions over the spaces of problem–solution dualities and certainty-uncertainty dualities. The concepts and phenomena of thinking and reasoning are related to possible worlds and the space of realities by the way of comparative analytics of relations among necessity, freedom and creativity which are then examined by way of analytical connectivity through definitions, explications, and analyses. From the analytical connectivity among possibility space and probability space in the space of imaginations to the space of realities as a subspace of the actuals, the concepts and phenomena of phantom problem, ill-posed problem, unsolvable problem, news, fake news, alternative facts and alternative reality are introduced, defined, explicated and connected to impact analyses of neuro-decision-choice actions under the general social philosophical consciencism that generates systemic risk over the space of cost–benefit dualities at generational points, where the dynamics of the social philosophical consciencism help to explain the dynamics and differences in generational preferences and style of social management.