The Information-Knowledge Systems and the Organizational Analytics of the Basic-Superstructure Duality

Chapter 2 provides the analysis of the relationships of organizational analytics of information-knowledge systems on basic structure, superstructure, and the space of superstructure dualities in the development of knowing and the production of information-knowledge accumulation and their connectivity to the spaces of input–output and cost–benefit dualities. Two sets of theories of explanatory and prescriptive structures are introduced and discussed in the knowing and information-knowledge processes which are connected to descriptive and predictive structures over the space of imagination-reality dualities. An introduction to a theory of certainty uncertainty dualities is advanced to provide explanatory conditions and sources of uncertainties which give rise to the space of imagination containing possibility and probability spaces and hence the rise of possibility and probability theories. Discussions are made on basic-superstructure components of organization of knowing and information-knowledge systems where definitions and comparative analysis of policy and decision-choice action are presented and linked to relationality, and organicity of the space of problem–solution dualities. The roles of individuals and the collectivity in the organization of problem–solution dualities are the examined in the space of individual-community dualities in relation to conflicts and conflict resolutions over the space of cost–benefit dualities. The roles of institutions of research, teaching and learning are examined, leading to the discussions on the goals, objectives, and research in the organization of knowing and information-knowledge production, where we discuss learning with and without supervision in relation to thinking and reasoning. The chapter is concluded with the discussions on the development of special institutions with global collaborations, and competitions over the epistemic field, where the space of relevant alternatives may be expanded, and the space of irrelevant alternative may be reduced with global collaboration and creative competition in discovery of elements in the space of categorial conversions or the functor space under the guidance of the ruling social philosophical consciencism.