Energy Efficiency of Combined Heating Systems Based on Heat Pumps for Private Residential Buildings Under the Climatic Conditions of Ukraine

Many technical solutions for residential heating systems were analyzed to determine the efficiency of electric heating systems compared to traditional solutions. These included: using only a gas boiler in a weather-dependent heat control mode, using only an electric boiler in a weather-dependent heat control mode, combining a gas boiler and heat pump in weather-dependent mode with the gas boiler included, and combining an electric boiler and heat pump in weather-dependent mode. Empirical relationships for the heat transfer coefficient and heat load were obtained to calculate the heating system based on the initial inlet heat-carrying fluid and outside air temperatures. Characteristics for circuit solutions of the heating system were determined for combinations of an electric boiler, a heat pump, and a gas-condensing boiler at different heat-carrying fluid temperatures. It should be noted that using an electric boiler with a heat pump is rational, as this reduces electricity consumption per electric boiler by 14,000 to 19,000 kW \(\cdot\) h (35–50%) during one heating period.