Regularities of Oscillations During Turning and End Milling

The intensity of vibrations during machining negatively affects the quality of machined parts, tool life, and productivity. Research is being conducted to reduce it, and various measures are being implemented. They relate to the choice of cutting modes, machining strategy, tool geometry, application of damping media, and vibration control. But at the same time, it is essential to determine which types of oscillations need to be suppressed. Therefore, the work aimed to identify the pattern of oscillations during turning and final milling. The devices that allow you to adjust the tool’s and parts’ dynamic characteristics and record their oscillations during cutting were used for conducting experiments. During intermittent turning, the regularity of occurrence of oscillations in the following sequence was obtained. When the cutter cuts in, forced oscillations occur, which are superimposed on the accompanying free oscillations of the technological system “tool–part”. After their damping, self-oscillations are superimposed on the forced oscillations. Each oscillation type has distinctive features and operates for a specific time. Unlike turning, the end milling process is short-term. Therefore, during cutting, only forced oscillations act, on which the accompanying free oscillations of the “tool–part”. As the spindle speed increases, the cutting time decreases, and if it is shorter than the period of the accompanying free oscillations, only forced oscillations are effective. Determining the characteristic features of oscillations during cutting makes it possible to prescribe measures that suppress their intensity purposefully.