Type III–V Endoleaks

Endoleaks are defined as persistent flow of blood into the aneurysm sac following endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). They may compromise long-term endograft viability and some are associated with an increased risk of rupture. They are classified as primary or secondary endoleaks. Primary endoleaks occur within the first 30 days following the procedure. Secondary endoleaks develop after 30 days, but may arise months or years later, which underlies the need for lifelong surveillance in these patients. Endoleaks may be classified into five types according to their anatomic site and aetiology. Whilst collectively type III, IV and V endoleaks are less common than type I and II, recognition and appropriate management is important to prevent long-term complications and graft failure.