Endovascular Techniques to Manage Vascular Access Failure

Vascular access failure is a cause of major morbidity for patients on hemodialysis. These patients frequently need recurrent procedures to maintain a functioning arteriovenous hemodialysis access. Advances in endovascular technology have enabled patients to undergo minimally invasive salvage of their arteriovenous hemodialysis access, utilizing techniques like percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stent graft placement, percutaneous thrombectomy, and accessory vein coil embolization. This chapter will discuss these endovascular treatment options.