Vascular Access

Vascular access is critical for delivering a range of therapies, including haemodialysis access and intravenous medication. This chapter covers the principles and techniques involved in selecting and accessing the most site for treatment, the types of devices used for vascular access (with considerations of factors influencing the selection process), complications associated with venous access, and challenges related to central vein stenosis (along with recanalisation methods and alternative access points) and fistulas. Finally, the chapter delves into fistulas and their importance in haemodialysis, as well as the risks associated with stenosis and thrombosis.