Mammals of the Campos Sulinos: Diversity and Conservation

This chapter provides an overview of the knowledge on mammals in the Campos Sulinos. To date, 134 native species have been recorded, of which eleven are endemic. Through a topical analysis of the literature produced so far, we present research priorities on several topics and subregions. Currently, there is a reasonable body of knowledge on small mammal and carnivore population genetics and habitat selection, whereas other groups and topics are still poorly studied, such as the ecology of armadillos. Most of the knowledge comes from studies conducted in the west and south of the Brazilian Pampa, while studies in the highland grasslands and in the northwest and center of the Pampa have been scarce. Hybridization, recently described species, and adaptations for living in open environments are discussed, with an emphasis on the need to conserve species and ecosystem services in the region. The future systematic planning of mammal conservation in the Campos Sulinos depends on filling knowledge gaps and developing taxonomically and spatially more comprehensive research, as well as on a better connection between researchers and decision-makers/stakeholders.