Spatio-Temporal Variation of Land Use Types in the Beach of the Lower Reaches of the Yellow River in Henan Province

Analyzing the spatio-temporal variation of land use types can provide reliable support for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. The spatio-temporal variations of land use types in the study area from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed based on Landsat and Sentinel-2 remote sensing images by support vector machine, land use transfer matrix, and spatio-temporal variation coefficient. The results showed that: (1) the spatial distribution of different land use types was relatively concentrated, and the natural spatial connectivity was large, but the patchiness existed in some areas. The land use types with large spatio-temporal variations are tidal flats and water surface with coefficients of variation were 24.33% and 9.45%, respectively. The spatial distribution change of land use types from 2005 to 2015 was the largest. (2) The main land use type was cultivated land, which accounts for about 60% of the total area, followed by water surface, tidal flats, construction land and garden and forest land. During the study period, the area of each land use type was in dynamic, and the changes were larger for cultivated land, water surface and tidal flats, and there was a relationship between the area of the three land use types. (3) The contributions of cultivated land, garden and forest land and construction land were different, and so their temporal stability. The degree of land use showed an increasing trend during the study period, and the highest degree of land use was 78.49% in 2020, and the area change on the time series of garden and forest land was larger than that of construction land and cultivated land.