Minimally Invasive Treatment of Adrenal Diseases

Adrenalectomy consists of the removal of adrenal gland. The technical approach of this intervention has dramatically changed in recent years due to the introduction of the minimally invasive surgery technologies and procedures. Therefore, nowadays, the Gold Standard approach to adrenalectomy is the laparoscopic technique which can be performed by the anterior, trans-peritoneal, route or through a posterior trans-retroperitoneal pathway. Other possible approaches that have been more recently introduced consist of robotic surgery, single-port laparoscopy, and virtual laparoscopy. Overall, due to the anatomical and clinical peculiarities of the adrenal gland, adrenalectomy is one of the fields of greatest research in clinical and experimental surgery.