Overview of Bioprocess Engineering

Algal systems are gaining popularity in biosynthetic operations owing to their ability to capture and assimilate carbon into biomass through the photosynthetic processes, generate bioproducts and materials, and remove/recycle minerals from wastewater. However, their synthetic efficiency and economic outlook are dictated by growth rate, processing conditions, and the genetic capabilities associated with specific algal species. Because of their simple cultivation requirements, abundance, and ability to endure broad variations in temperature, salinity, pH, nutrients and oxygen availability, carbon source, and light intensity, algae are being adapted for use in a variety of industrial fields including both biofuel and bioproducts generation. This chapter explores algal biomass as a means for producing key value-added industrial products and describes effective processing parameters that are necessary for optimizing bioreactor efficiency leading to a more economic outlook. In addition, the chapter focuses on large-scale bioprocessing from bioreactor engineering to downstream protocols to enhance the desired product yield. Finally, the major obstacles and trends for future insights are discussed.