Web-Based Mapping and Visualization Packages

Web-based mapping and visualization applications can be developed, used, and disseminated more easily than desktop-based ones. This chapter introduces a group of widely used web-based mapping and visualization packages for both 2D and 3D visualization. We detail their features and advantages, helping users select appropiate tools for specific scenarios. Specifically, We introduce four mapping APIs: Google Maps, OpenLayers, Mapbox, and Leaflet for 2D mapping. For visualization, we discuss three visualization packages: D3.js, Plotly.js, and ECharts. The mapping APIs offer fundamental map visualization and map-based information display functions. In contrast, the visualization packages allow for presenting large datasets and dynamic behaviors, enhancing human-computer interaction and animation. For 3D mapping, we first introduce Google Earth 3D, which combines satellite images, aerial photos, and GIS data on a 3D earth, featuring powerful spatial analysis and interactive functions. Then, we present four WebGL-based 3D visualization tools excelling in 3D big data rendering: Cesium, Three.js, Deck.gl, and Kepler.gl. To facilitate mastery, the chapter concludes with two hands-on practices and two problem-solving assignments. Following these practices teaches audiences basic programming skills to tackle visualization problems.