Eye Masses in Children

This chapter deals with the eye masses in children, emphasizing first the diagnostic issues of retinoblastoma (RB), which is the most common eye tumor in children, with three anatomical clinical forms: endophytic, exophytic and diffuse infiltrative. Ultrasound, that has to be exhaustive and bilateral, is essential to disclose calcifications which are characteristic of the disease. Color Doppler imaging (CDI) can show a non-characteristic vascularization. Usually, RB occurs on a normal axial length eye. The extension of the tumor can be seen in ultrasound, but is the responsability of MRI. Among the long list of differential diagnoses known as pseudogliomas, only the most frequent are detailed: persistent fetal vasculature and vitreo-retinal dysplasia, Coats’ disease, toxocariasis, colobomas and morning glory disc anomaly, retinal detachments and congenital retinal folds. Finally, other tumors and masses in children are considered: diffuse choroidal angioma and Sturge–Weber syndrome, medulloepithelioma, juvenile nevoxanthoendothelioma or xanthogranuloma, cavernous angioma of the retina and prepapillary capillary angioma.