Adult Congenital Heart Disease

With advances in surgical techniques and medical therapies, survival rates of congenital heart disease have improved dramatically, with 90% of patients surviving into adulthood (Menachem et al., JACC Heart Fail 8(2):87–99, 2020, Brida and Gatzoulis, Acta Paediatr 108(10):1757–64, 2019). As a result, adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) represent one of the fastest growing populations in need of cardiac surgery, thus the understanding of ACHD becomes an important skill for the contemporary cardiac surgeon. Summarized here are the most common ACHD presentations, key clinical factors and anatomic considerations, and current surgical management.