Simulation Technical Training to Improve Safety in the OR

Simulation is an important tool used to train surgeons and operating room staff. It can be used to provide tools and techniques to optimize patient safety. Simulation provides an opportunity to address and train staff in scenarios that are high risk, and not reproducible in the operating room given the concern for patient safety. The three types of simulation involve case studies and role plays, partial-task trainers, and full-mission simulation. The role of the individual in the operating room dictates specific skills and knowledge that must be learned and developed over time. Surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, scrub techs, residents, and medical students each play different roles in the operating room, and therefore the simulation training must vary and focus on each of the roles. However, there are overlapping skills, such as communication, that may also benefit the group of people in the operating room. The five primary skills described in the simulation literature used to improve operative outcomes are: (1) team-based competency, (2) operating room fire safety, (3) infection prevention and control, (4) crisis resource management (CRM), and (5) technical skills training.