Neurodiversity Framework: Model, Tenets, and Critiques

Neurodiversity refers to a new framework for referencing individuals with neurodevelopmental differences. Rather than focusing on perceived behavioral deficits, neurodiversity emphasizes that individuals develop differently, with diagnoses such as autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder presenting as natural, alternate courses of development rather than disabilities. Neurodiversity emphasizes the importance of person-environment fit, encouraging spaces to become more inclusive of those with neurodevelopmental differences rather than expecting individuals to change in order to inhabit those spaces. Though neurodiversity proponents note that neurodevelopmental differences are not inherently disabilities, they acknowledge that a poor person-environment fit can result in disabling consequences such as mental health difficulties and burnout. This chapter explores the history of the neurodiversity movement and its counterpart, the medical model of disability. Tenets and critiques of the movement are discussed, along with gaps to be addressed in the future.