This entry argues that medieval disability history gains depth when approached jointly through historical and bioarcheological lenses. Rather than relying only on discourses and representations, this entry advocates a social, material, and embodied account that takes seriously the concrete traces of care, dependence, constraint, and agency preserved both in documents and in skeletal remains. Focusing on Western Europe (fifth to fifteenth centuries), we trace a historiographical shift from earlier medical and social models toward cultural comprehension of disability and show how the convergence of history and (bio)archeology reshapes what we can know about the daily life of disabled people. This analysis firstly examines elite representations of disability framed by charitable and theological discourses, where disabled individuals appear as beggars or miracle beneficiaries. Second, it highlights the structural ambivalence between inclusion and exclusion, visible both in textual sources and in archaeological contexts: while disability could mark sin and justify marginalization, burial and funerary practices reveal widespread conformity and pragmatic adaptations, signaling that impairment did not automatically translate into social or funerary deviance. Third, it explores integration within the social fabric, drawing on petitions, legal records, narrative sources, and osteological evidence to recover everyday arrangements. By modeling the nature of support that allowed individuals to live with severe trauma, chronic disease, or congenital impairments, the “bioarcheology of care” approach makes visible the practical accommodations and collective strategies through which medieval communities incorporated impaired members. Individually, none of these approaches recovers the full lived experiences of disabled people; however, taken together, they anchor disability in historical and biological contexts and reveal diverse strategies of support, adaptation, and participation. By combining history and (bio)archaeology, we move past abstract models toward a grounded understanding of how disability was lived in medieval societies.