Lower limb amputation (LLA) is a complex and life-altering intervention, primarily necessitated by nontraumatic causes such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), with wide epidemiological variation across regions. Amputations are classified as minor or major, each with distinct clinical, functional, psychological, and rehabilitative implications. Psychological adaptation is crucial, as LLA significantly impacts body image, identity, and emotional well-being. It is often experienced as a traumatic event involving the loss not only of a limb but also of autonomy, physical integrity, and social roles. Emotional reactions may include shock, grief, anger, anxiety, and depression—especially in cases of sudden or traumatic limb loss. Many patients experience depression in the months following surgery, and many face social withdrawal, feelings of worthlessness, or post-traumatic stress. However, resilience, family support, and structured psychoeducational interventions can facilitate recovery. Prosthetic rehabilitation plays a central role in restoring functionality and autonomy. Success depends on factors such as residual limb condition, prosthesis design, interdisciplinary care, and psychosocial support. The prosthesis often serves as both a functional aid and a symbol of personal reconstruction. The concept of the integration of the prosthesis into the body image is key to long-term acceptance and functionality. Thus, rehabilitation is a multifaceted process involving early intervention, physical training, psychological support, and community reintegration, often enhanced by innovative tools like virtual reality and electromyography biofeedback. It is based on a comprehensive, tailorized, and interdisciplinary approach which is essential to optimize functional outcomes and improve the long-term quality of life in individuals with LLA.