Infectious diseases are a leading cause of childhood disability globally, but prevention through various interventions can significantly reduce their impact. Early diagnosis, timely treatment, and effective preventive strategies—such as vaccination and improved sanitation—are essential. During 2023, it was estimated that globally 4.8 million children younger than the age of 5 died. Diseases caused by infection is a leading cause of death in this age group. Nowadays, infections that are supposedly preventable or controllable remain significant contributors to economic harm in low- and middle-income nations. This entry examines the relationship between infectious disease control and disability prevention.