The Paralympic Games have undergone a profound transformation, evolving from a rehabilitative initiative for World War II veterans into a premier global platform for elite athletic excellence. This entry provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current literature on the multifaceted Paralympic movement. It delves into the foundational role of evidence-based, sports-specific classification systems, which are crucial for ensuring equitable competition by minimizing the impact of impairment across physical, intellectual, and vision disability groups. The discussion extends to the unique health and safety considerations for Para athletes, reviewing epidemiological data on sports-related injuries and illnesses that differ in nature from able-bodied sports and underscoring the critical importance of tailored prevention strategies, individualized nutritional plans, and periodic health evaluations. Furthermore, this entry explores the complex dual role of assistive technology, which is indispensable for participation yet sits at the center of ethical debates concerning performance enhancement and technological fairness in sports like wheelchair racing and prosthetics-dependent events. The synergy between hosting the Paralympic Games and public health is also examined, detailing how meticulous mass gathering planning protects participant and spectator health while simultaneously leveraging the event’s visibility to inspire community-wide initiatives promoting physical activity and social inclusion for persons with disabilities. Finally, this entry addresses the vital yet often underrepresented psychosocial dimensions of elite sports, including athlete motivation, mental health challenges, and the psychological aspects of athletic identity and career transitions for this unique population.