Peripheral lymphedema (PLE) is a chronic, incurable condition characterized by fluid accumulation and tissue hypertrophy due to impaired lymphatic drainage. It frequently leads to permanent disability. In gynecological cancers such as vulvar, cervical, and endometrial cancers, the incidence of lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) ranges from 20% to 45%. Several factors, including those associated with treatment and patient characteristics, contribute to LEL development. Surgical interventions, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy used in gynecological cancer treatment increase lymphedema risk by damaging the lymphatic system. Lymphadenectomy is a significant risk factor, with the number of lymph nodes removed, the extent of dissection, and postoperative complications further exacerbating the risk. Compared to open surgery, laparoscopic surgery has been reported to reduce this risk, and sentinel lymph node dissection has proven effective in lowering the incidence of lymphedema. LEL in gynecological cancers typically manifests with symptoms such as swelling, discomfort, heaviness in the affected limb, tightness, impaired physical mobility, pain, and changes to the skin. Beyond physical symptoms, LEL significantly affects psychosocial well-being, potentially leading to body image issues, anxiety, depression, social isolation, and relationship difficulties due to its impact on self-esteem, mobility, and intimacy. Early diagnosis and management of LEL are crucial in slowing disease progression and enhancing patient prognosis. A comprehensive approach to LEL care is essential to a multidisciplinary strategy in treating gynecological cancers. Prioritizing patient education and support is crucial for providing the knowledge, skills, and resources necessary to effectively manage lymphedema, improve quality of life, and overcome the challenges associated with this chronic condition.