This entry presents the main issues of deinstitutionalization in relation to the community of people with intellectual disabilities. It also reviews selected forms of support instruments that promote social inclusion, self-determination, independent living, and choices for people with intellectual disabilities. The implementation of holistic and personalized deinstitutionalization measures serves as a way to prevent alienation, loneliness, helplessness marginalization, or discrimination. In broad terms, deinstitutionalization is understood as the process of transforming states’ social policies toward the development of community-based support for people with intellectual disabilities and their families. The basis of this strategy is the realization of activities based on person-centered planning, relational approaches, and active participation. The deinstitutionalization paradigm, for example, corresponds with the humanistic, emancipatory and inclusive paradigm, and results from changes in the perception of disability and a reinterpretation of the model of assistance and care. A full and in-depth analysis of deinstitutionalization would exceed the framework of this article, so selected aspects are presented with a historical outline.