Parenting Differences in Families With and Without Children on the Autism Spectrum
摘要
Studies consistently show that raising a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exposes parents to increased stress, which affects their emotional well-being and mental health. These psychological factors, in turn, might impair the parental functioning and shape maladaptive parenting styles and practices. However, in the absence of an integrative source synthesizing the evidence in the research literature, the impact of child’s autism on parenting is still vague. The current review integrates the study findings published in the last two decades in the research literature, focusing on the differences in parenting styles and practices/behaviors between parents with and without an autistic child. Most of these studies tested the differences in parenting styles between parents with and without an autistic child, while some compared parents on wider parental behaviors and practices in parent-child relationships and interactions. Most studies reported some differences in parenting styles or practices between parents of children with and without ASD (especially typically developing children), with the prominent ones finding the former as more authoritarian parents, using more overprotective and intrusive parental practices, and providing less warmth. However, there were significant discrepancies across studies precluding clear conclusions.