The Stigma Associated with Speech Delay in the Middle East and North Africa
摘要
This book chapter investigates the stigma surrounding speech delay in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Speech delay, a common developmental issue affecting children globally, is often accompanied by various challenges and misconceptions that contribute to the stigma associated with it. This chapter explores the definitions of speech, language, and speech disorders, and the prevalence of speech and language disorders among children. Moreover, it explores the psychosocial impact of speech and language disorders, emphasizing the long-term consequences on a child’s academic performance, social well-being, and mental health. The concept of stigma is thoroughly examined, with a focus on how stigmatization emerges, the impact of stigma on individuals with developmental disorders, and the concept of perceived parental stigma. Studies on the experiences of caregivers of children with developmental disabilities across different global regions are also discussed. The chapter further explores attitudes toward children with speech disorders in the MENA region, highlighting the underexplored nature of Arab attitudes toward individuals with speech disorders. Research findings from various MENA countries reveal less positive attitudes towards individuals with speech disorders compared to Western regions, indicating negative stereotyping and challenges faced by affected individuals and their families. Finally, the chapter provides some insights into the multifaceted issue of stigma associated with speech delay in the MENA region, shedding light on the challenges faced by children, caregivers, and families, and emphasizing the need for increased awareness, support, and understanding in addressing these complex issues.